上一期 (体积 - 3 | 问题 - 7) at IgMin Research

A human mission to Mars has been widely regarded as the ultimate goal for space exploration in our time. Exploration of Mars has been limited to observations from orbit and a few rover expeditions that each cover about 20 km. The vast amount of Mars surface remains to be explored in situ. These limitations were mainly due to the cost of launching high mass payloads to Mars. After 100 years and a thousand studies, human missions to Mars remain in an early concept stage. The advent of the SpaceX Starship with its putative capability to affordably... land a 100 MT payload on Mars enables new, more ambitious approaches for exploring Mars at a grander scale. Here, we outline a mission to scientifically explore a wide swath of Mars utilizing the SpaceX Starship to deliver unprecedented amounts of materiel to Mars. A main landing site provides the command-and-control hub for distributed assets across Mars. A pair of communication satellites enables almost instantaneous command, control, and data retrieval. While SpaceX viewed this mission as an early step in establishing a settlement on Mars, we view it as an opportunity to scientifically explore the planet. Two variations of the mission employ different approaches for returning from Mars. The Mars Leviathan mission utilizes a Starship to leave LEO, land on Mars, and return from Mars to LEO. The major challenge in the “Mars Leviathan” mission is to produce a large mass of propellants via ISRU to ascend the crew of 12 in a Starship from Mars and return to Earth. Alternatively, we propose a “DRA-6” mission that uses a Starship to leave LEO and land on Mars, but for return, it uses a small capsule to lift a crew of six from Mars and rendezvous with an Earth Return Vehicle waiting in Mars orbit. The added capability of Starship enables the avoidance of the challenges involved in utilizing indigenous water on Mars by bringing water from Earth. In addition, water for life support is brought from Earth.Read more

Background: Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is increasingly recognized as a critical tool for evidence-based health financing decisions in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, its adoption is influenced by a variety of factors. This study synthesizes evidence from the literature on the factors enabling and hindering HTA institutionalization in the region as a means of supporting universal health coverage (UHC).Methods: A systematic analysis of eight country-specific nonsystematic review studies covering Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Ghana, and ...Uganda was conducted. The studies employed qualitative (n = 5), mixed-methods (n = 1), cross-sectional survey (n = 1), and descriptive analysis (n = 1) approaches, with sample sizes ranging from 20–60 stakeholders, including policymakers and health professionals. Barriers and enablers were categorized into five themes: human resource capacity, financial and infrastructural constraints, policy and governance frameworks, stakeholder engagement and political will, and data and evidence availability.Results: Seventeen barriers and sixteen enablers were identified. The key barriers included limited technical capacity (5 studies), financial constraints (4 studies), a lack of standardized HTA frameworks and guidelines (3 studies), political interference (1 study), limited evidence use (1 study), and cultural/legal challenges (1 study) The enablers included stakeholder engagement (3 studies), political will and UHC alignment (2 studies), capacity building (3 studies), legal/institutional frameworks (2 studies), international collaboration (2 studies), and transparent policymaking (1 study). Countries such as Kenya and Ethiopia have progressed through institutional structures and international support, while resource and governance challenges have persisted across contexts.Conclusion: HTA adoption in Sub-Saharan Africa is hindered by human resource shortages, funding limitations, and weak governance, but facilitated by stakeholder engagement, political commitment, and international partnerships. Tailored interventions, including capacity building, sustainable financing, and standardized frameworks, are essential for institutionalizing HTA and advancing evidence-based health financing for UHC. Future research should explore underrepresented countries and employ longitudinal designs to increase generalizability.Read more

The Seattle Longitudinal Study (SLS), initiated in 1956 by Dr. K. Warner Schaie, is one of the most comprehensive psychological research studies on cognitive aging. It aims to investigate various aspects of psychological development throughout adulthood, defined within the age range of 22 to 70. It focuses on individual differences and differential patterns of change for selected psychometric abilities from young adulthood to midlife to old age. It has determined the magnitude and relative importance of age changes in various cohorts in differe...nt skills [1].Read more

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant brain tumors, characterized by a hostile microenvironment and poor prognosis. Recent advances in synthetic biology have led to the engineering of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains as living therapeutics capable of targeting GBM via Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-mediated mechanisms. This systematic review evaluates the mechanisms by which engineered E. coli modulate ROS, their therapeutic efficacy in preclinical models, and challenges in delivery, safety, a...nd regulation. Engineered strains show promise through prodrug conversion, direct ROS production, and immune activation, especially when combined with nanocarriers and immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, tumor heterogeneity, biosafety concerns, and regulatory complexities remain significant hurdles. Advancing toward clinical translation will require robust biocontainment systems, adaptable genetic circuits, and validation in humanized preclinical models.Read more

Heart rate variability (HRV), a non-invasive measure of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function reflecting vagus nerve activity, is a promising biomarker in breast cancer (BC) management. This PRISMA-guided systematic review evaluates HRV electrophysiologic data from 5-minute vs. 24-hour ECG recordings in BC diagnosis and therapy follow-up, emphasizing the vagus nerve’s role in inflammation and tumor progression. Completing a search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase (2009 - 2025), 16 studies (n = 3,412 participants) were inclu...ded. Lower HRV metrics (e.g., SDNN < 50 ms, RMSSD < 20 ms predicted relapse) correlated with advanced BC stages, elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and poorer prognosis (HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48 - 0.79). Chemotherapy-induced HRV reductions (e.g., SDNN decrease by 20%) predicted cardiotoxicity, while vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) improved HRV and reduced inflammation. HRV showed diagnostic sensitivity up to 80% with biomarkers. Additionally, meta-analysis was precluded due to significant methodological heterogeneity across studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to this heterogeneity; meta-analysis was not feasible due to inconsistent HRV protocols and outcome measures. HRV and vagal interventions hold transformative potential, necessitating standardized protocols and larger studies.Read more

This research used a bibliometric method and a Geographic Information System to estimate scientific productivity as well as simulate research outputs in countries around the world. From 2717 articles published on Scopus of Internet of Things in the environmental monitoring field during 2011-2025, results indicate that total research productivity is an increasing trend, and it increases sharply from 2022 and 2024. Y. Wang author, has the most research output as the first author (10 articles) and total research productivity (33 articles). Y. Zhan...g has the most cooperation articles (26 articles). A. Morchid author has the most publications in 2024, with 5 articles, while publication of 4 articles has Y. Wang, G. Marques, and J. Li authors, and it is distributed in 2024, 2020, and 2023. Almost all scientific output is published in China, and Y. Wang first author, has the most research output with 9 articles in China and 1 article in the United Kingdom. A. Shama, author, has not published in China, but it is published in two countries as India with 3 articles and Australia with 1 article. Publication of affiliations sharp increase in 2022-2025, and the Department of Computer Science and Engineering affiliation has the most research output with 82 articles in 2011-2025. Most research output of affiliations is distributed mainly in China, then is India. In the distribution of countries, China has the highest total research productivity, with first ranking in independent articles, collaborative articles, and total productivity in Internet of Things articles on SCOPUS. Read more

Microgravity investigations are widely applied today to address various environmental and geological problems. Unfortunately, this geophysical survey type is comparatively rarely used to search for the hidden ancient targets. It is primarily caused by the small geometric size of the desired archaeological objects and various types of noise that complicate the analysis of the proper signal. At the same time, the development of a modern generation of the gravimetric field equipment enables the registration of anomalies as small as one microGal (1...0-8 m/s2), presenting a new challenge in this direction. Correspondingly, the accuracy of gravity variometers (gradientometers) is also significantly increased. A review of microgravity searching and localization of archeological remains of different sizes and types is given. It is shown that the development of the Physical-Archaeological Models (PAMs) increases the effectiveness of the geophysical process. A quantitative interpretation methodology for the gravity anomalies in complex physical-geological conditions, based on non-conventional solutions transferred from magnetic prospecting, is briefly explained. Advanced 3D modeling of a gravity field elucidated the peculiarities of the ancient target delineation under complex physical-environmental conditions. Calculating the second and third derivatives of the gravity potential helps reveal some peculiarities of the different buried PAMs. Many types of archaeological targets in the world have been categorized by their density and geometrical characteristics into several groups. The model computations and archaeological-geophysical reviews indicate that the microgravity investigations may be successfully applied to at least 20% of the available archaeological sites worldwide. The numerous examples supplement the review presented. The further development of the microgravity studies is also discussed. Read more